albho- (*hele-bho-)

    albho- (*hele-bho-)

    English meaning: “white”

    Deutsche Übersetzung: “weiß”

    Note: Root albho- (*helba-): “white” derived from Root el-1, ol-, el- : red, brown (in names of trees and animals) extended in -kʷho-, -bho- formants. see Lat. olor ‘swan” (*elōs); Gk. ἔλαφος m. f. “ stag (white spotted) “.

    Material: Maybe Alb.Gheg alka, alkë (*alkʷha) “ white cream, dirt, spot, fat of wool”. Gk. ἀλφός “ white rash “, ἀλφούς λευκούς Hes. (also ἀλωφός λευκός Hes., s. below), FlN ᾽Αλφειός; common Illyr.- Gk. -kʷ- > -p- phonetic mutatIon. Lat. albus “ white, dead white; hence pale or bright; sometimes making bright; fig., fortunate “, Umbr. alfu “ white “, Osc. Alafaternum Alafaternum “Alfaternorum”, präLig. Alafis “ Albius” (and many other names partly Etruscan coinage due to Osc.-Umbr. root alf-, as Lat. alb-, s. Schulze Lat. Eig. 119 f.; etr. Pronunciation from Lat. albus also must be that of Paul. Diac. 4 L. as Sabine called alpum); in addition albula, alburnus “ whitefish “, albarus “ white poplar “, albūcus “ asphodel plant “ etc.; Maybe Lat. albulus -a -um “whitish; f. as subst. Albula -ae (sc. aqua), old name of the Tiber”. Welsh elfydd m. “ earth, world “ from *albíi̯o- (compare O.C.S. světъ “ light, world “); O.H.G. albiz, elbiz, O.E. aelbitu, ielfetu, O.N. elptr, ǫlpt f. (Gmc. *alƀ-it-, -ut-) ‘swan”, (forms -d- in animal names: s. Brugmann Grdr. II2 1, 467, Charpentier KZ. 40, 433 f., Specht Decl. 229; also:) O.C.S. lebedь, Russ. lebedь lebjadь, in the ablaut to Pol. ɫabędź, Serb. lab̏ ud, Cz. labud” “ swan “ (Proto-Slav. *olb-edь, -ędь, -ǫdь, compare to the latter suffix form Lith. bal-añdis “ pigeon, dove “, actually “ white “; Maybe through rhyme effect Alb. (*m”elmë) mjellmë ‘swan” similar to Alb. ját(ë)rë, t”jetër “other” see Root e-3, ei-, i-, fem. ī- : “this, etc. (demonstrative stem); one” [rhyme of m- the same as rhyme of t-] common Alb. -mb- > -m- phonetic mutation; [Illyr. names ending in -msuffix like Alb. delmë ‘sheep”, VN Dalmatae, Delmatae (see Root dhē(i)- (dh-ei-?): to suck); therefore an early Slavic loanword in Illyrian . see Meillet Et. 322, MSL. 14, 377, Schulze SBprAk. 1910, 800 = Kl. Schr. 122 f.; named after the color Russ. lebedá, Pol. lebioda, ɫoboda “ atriplex, goosefoot “, Lidén Stud . 97); Dutch alft, elft “whitefish” (formally = O.H.G. etc albiz ‘swan”; to loanword from Lat. albula “whitish” in contrast to it Falk-Torp 189 f. are against, M.H.G. albel “whitefish”, Ger. Albe, nd. alf, albe “whitefish”), compare Lat. alburnus “a white fish, bleak” ds .; nhd dial. Albums “ hard sand under the fertile earth “, Swe. dial. alf ds .; probably also O.N. alfr, O.E. ælf, Eng. elf (from which Ger. Elf m., Elfe f. borrowed), M.L.G. alf “ Аlp, grand, evil spirit “, M.H.G. Ger. Alp, pl. the Alben (originally probably “ whitish nebulous figures “), as well as O.H.G. alba “ insect larva, locusta quae nondum volavit “, Dutch elften f. pl. “ cock chafer grubs “, Nor. alma ds. (m from the gen. pl. *albna, from which *almna).

    Note: The Illyr. TN Albanoi is the plural form M.H.G. Ger. Alp, pl. the Alben (originally probably “ whitish nebulous figures “) a primitive Indo European people who believed in evil spirits before an elaborate mythology developed later. Arbën “name of Alb. during Middle Ages” see to these Gmc. words esp. Falk-Torp under aame (4, 1428), al (19, 1431), alv (22, 1431), elv I (188 f., 1454), emd (189, 1454); as “ white water “ also the name of Elbe (Lat. Albis, Albia, from Gmc. *Alƀī, gen. Alƀiōz =), O.N. elfr “ river “ and river name (in addition probably also M.L.G. elve “ riverbed “), compare Gaul. FlN Albis, Albü (now Aube; contrast Dubis, Dubü, i.e. “ black, deep water “), Lat. Albula, Gk. ᾽Αλφειός (see esp. Schulze SBprAk.1910, 797 = Kl. Schr. 120).

    Note: common Gk. -kʷ- > -p-, -gʷ- > -b- phonetic mutation In contrast to this assumption, it is doubtful from or in which circumference names like Gaul.-Lat. Albiōn, M.Ir. Albbu, gen. Albban (stem *Alb-i̯en-) “Britain” (to Welsh elfydd or from the white chalk rocks), Lat. Alpēs, ῎Αλπεις (high mountains?) and in Ital., ligur. and Celt. areas frequent local name like Alba, Albium likewise below go back or, however, are not IE derivation of the concept “ white “ (Bertoldi BAL.-SLAV. 32, 148, ZrP. 56, 179 f.). Arm. aɫauni “ pigeon, dove “, barely for *alabh-n- (Bugge KZ. 32, 1, Pedersen KZ. 38, 313), see below. About the affiliation of *albhi- *albhi- “ barley “ s. d. Maybe here belongs Hitt. al-pa-áš (alpas) “ cloud “ in spite of Couvreur (H ̯ 106, 149) here. To the ablaut: beside *albho-s seems to be two-syllable root form in Gk. ἀλωφός (also ἐλεφιτίς?) and Arm. aɫauni, and in addition tuned Slav. intonation (Serb. lȁbūd), s. Osthoff IF. 8, 64 f., Pedersen aaO. This additional -bho- one syllable is in color names frequent suffix (e.g. Lat. galbus Lith. raĩbas “in different colors, multicolored, dappled” beside raĩnas; Brugmann Grdr. II2 1, 388 f), *albhos is obtainable in monosyllabic root *al- and on the other hand ἀλωφός is possible according to Brugmann aaO. to Lith. al̃vas “ tin “ (“ white metal “), O.Pruss. alwis “lead, plumbum”, Russ. ólovo “tin” (from IE *alǝu̯ o-? Balt correspondences are borrowed according to Niedermann from the Slav.) stand in a similar relation, as Gk. κορω-νός to Lat. curv-us “crooked, curved, bent”, O.Ind. palü-la-ḥ (: palüv-aḥ) to O.Pruss. pelwo, also go back to a word root *alō-: *alǝu-: *alu- (in Arm. aɫawni and Slav. words);

    Note: From Balt - Slav. the notion for “white metals, white color, sick white” passed to Altaic family: Protoform: *ni̯ǜlpá

    [u]English meaning: “tin, lead” Tungus protoform: *ńülban Japanese protoform: *nàmári

    Note: An interesting TM -Jpn. isogloss; cf. also Old Koguryo *naimul (see Miller 1979, 8). Jpn. *nàmá-ri < *nàpan-(r)i, with usual regressive nasalizatIon. Earlier: Protoform: *ůlpa

    English meaning: “unable, sick; being at service, man-at-arms” Turkic protoform: *ůlp- Mongolian protoform: *alba-n Tungus protoform: *alba- Korean protoform: *àrphằ- Japanese protoform: *apar-

    Note: Poppe 85, 121 (Turk-Mong.); TMN 2, 110-111. Gk. ἐλεφιτίς is sufficient by the reshuffle to which animal names and plant names are exposed everywhere, in order to ensure in addition still *ale-bh-; here as “ the shining one “ Gaul. alausa “ European shad, twaite shad “ (Fr. alose, spO.N. alosa), compare also Gaul. GN Alaunos, Alounae, Brit. FlN Alaunos (nEng. Aln), Welsh PN Alun as well as Arm. aɫauni “ pigeon, dove “ from *alǝu-n-. A stem form ali- “ white “ is not provabe, in spite of Specht Decl. 114, because Hitt. ali- “ white “ appears very uncertain (Couvreur H̯ 149 f., Friedrich IF. 58, 94) and Gk. ἀλίφαλος, ἀλίφατα, ἄλiξ are to be explained differently. Here, however, probably (as a “ pale yellow plant “) Hisp.-Lat. ala “elecampane “ (Isid.), spO.N.-portug. ala ds., furthermore with -nt-suffix O.H.G. alant ds., with it etymological identically the fish name O.H.G. alunt (newer alant), O.S. alund “whitefish, Alant” = (with gramm. alteration) O.Ice. - ǫlunn “a fish”, IE basic form *al-n̥t-/*al-ont-. The original meaning of al- is probably”white, shining”, hence, then also “pale yellow” etc. A precise separation of the meanings of al- and el- is not always possible, which is why Specht (IE Decl. 59, 160) explained both stems as originally identical, thus al- as el- leads back to el-, with which he associates further (aaO. 114) the color root ar- (see below areĝ-), er- .

    References: WP. I 92 ff., WH. I 26 f.